SINCLAIR COMMUNITY COLLEGE	Section: T 803 om-88 I
QET 134 COURSE -QUALITY LAB	Issued by: Mary E. Haggard
Subject: PUNCTURE TEST OF CONTAINERBOARD	Approved: James Houdeshell Instructor

Return

Link to Operator Checklist

1.0 PURPOSE

• This standard provides a guideline for puncture test of containerboard.
• The significance is to simulate damage that would (or could) occur when product is in use environment.

2.0 SCOPE

• This Standard applies to Sinclair Community College Quality Lab.
• This test measures the energy required to puncture containerboard or corrugated board with a pyramidal point affixed to a pendulum arm.
• The energy to tear the material and the energy to bend it out of the way of the point are the two major components that make up this test.

3.0 RESPONSIBILITIES

• The Quality (Department) Manager has the responsibility to ensure compliance with this specification.
• The Quality (Department) Manager has the responsibility to ensure proper training of equipment and safety regulations.
• The Quality department is responsible for performing the tests and recording the results.

4.0 REFERENCES

Beach, R. L., " Puncture Testing of Box Board," Paper Trade J. 108 (5): 30 (1939).

Wells, S.D., Kaplan, A.B., and Ayers, L.R., " Tests on Fiber Containers : The Beach Puncture Tester,"Paper Trade J. 116(13): 29 (1943).

Van Den Akker, J. A., and Wink, W. A., " Instrumentation Studies: LX. The Beach Puncture Tester," TAPPI 33(12): 114A (1950).

5.0 EQUIPMENT

Puncture Test Apparatus consisting of:

• Pendulum, with an arm of a 90 degree angle.
• Puncture point, affixed to end of arm with a shape of a right triangle pyramid 25 +/-0.7mm high, with leading edges rounded, base edges left sharp, and the point to 1.57 +/- 0.05mm(0.062+/-0.002 in.) radius.
• Puncture Point Collar, loose in fit to avoid friction around base.
• Trigger, or latch to hold pendulum in n horizontal plane.
• Clamping jaws, spring actuated to hold specimen in a horizontal plane.
• Pointer and scale, to indicate the arc through which the pendulum travels after passing through the specimen. Scale graduations correspond to weights used.
• Arguementing weights, giving scale values up to least 38.87 J (1300 units of energy).
• Loose plate, inserted between the clamping jaws to define the test area securely attached. *Note: this plate is removed before checking the zero reading of the apparatus.

CALIBRATION & ADJUSTMENT

If apparatus is not under a calibration system then follow the next steps to calibrate apparatus:

1. Attached apparatus to concrete base or any other foundation of convenient height, and bolt down.
2. Pendulum Friction- Remove all weights and weight support stud, put puncture collar in place on puncture head. Rotate pointer to below zero mark latch and release pendulum. Pendulum should swing a minimum of 8 minutes before coming to rest. If it does not clean and lubricate the bearing
3. Zero reading. - Remove all weights and weight support stud, put puncture collar in place on puncture head. Allow the pendulum to hang vertically on its pivot shaft. With adjustment screw align the point exactly on full scale. Set point approximately 25mm (1in.) above zero on the scale raise and latch pendulum. Release pendulum. The scale reading should read zero. If it does not, then loosen the four setscrews that position the latch tongue and repeat procedure until zero reading is achieved.
4. Pointer Friction. - Latch the bare pendulum with only the collar attached to the head. Remove clamping plate, rotate the pointer to full-scale reading, release pendulum allowing to swing and push the pointer further. Adjust the pointer friction by the screws in the stud projecting from the pointer hub, so that additional movement is not more than two units. Recheck pointer at mid-scale. If friction is reduced too much the pointer will move or "bounce" below the position indicated in the second step.
5. Puncture point collar adjustment- Place collar in same position each time on the puncture head. Mark collar if necessary to achieve proper location each time. An adjustable pin determines the force needed to dislodge the collar. The force is 1.0+/- 0.15N (3.6+/-0.5oz) pull when the collar is in a horizontal position. When collar is attached the puncture head extends at least 0.38mm(0.015in.) beyond the outer edge of the collar. Keep flange angle at approximately 135 degrees.
6. Clamp load- A force of 245+/- 22N (55+/- 5 lb) applied downward from the middle of the lower plate should open the clamp 6mm (1/4in). Tighten or loosen the wing nuts at bottom of spring tube to adjust the pressure if necessary. Using test specimen of the thinnest strips, check uniformity of clamping, by placing the strips between the jaws at various points. If any of these can be easily removed adjust the jaw alignment until clamp load is uniform.
7. Center of gravity- The alignment of the center of gravity may be most conveniently checked by removing the weights and studs from the pendulum, allowing pendulum to come to its rest position (with collar attached at the puncture point), and gently rotating the pointer clockwise until it just touches its adjusting screw. NOTE the pointer position, attach stud and weights to the pendulum, and repeat above operations. If the center of gravity lies in the proper plane, no shift of the pointer will occur. If pointer shifts, the center of gravity is incorrect. Correct it by shifting the balancing weights in or out on its screw. The weight are adjusted and stacked in place at manufacturer, they should only be moved when it is 100% certain that the center of gravity is off. If adjustment is appeared to be necessary then one should check first the pendulum with the combination of weights and by rotating weights to make sure they are concentric before returning the pendulum to the manufacturer for adjustment.
8. Loose plate-Secure the loosed plate in a vertical projection position beneath the upper clamping jaws such that the bottom edge of upper jaw is 31.8mm (1 and 1/4 in.) from the base of puncture head.
9. Puncture point- Be sure that the three corners at the base of the puncture point are equidistant (within 1.5mm (1/16 in.) below the upper clamping jaw when the base of the puncture point is 31.8mm(1 and 1/4 in.) below the upper clamping jaw; that its apex does not deviate in plane more than 1.5mm (1/16in.) from pendulum. And that the edge farthest from the axis of rotation is parallel to that axis. Keep puncture protected from abuse, free from nicks and scratches. Clean pointer after each use with a degreasing agent.

SAMPLING AND TEST SPECIMENS

• Sample the board in accordance with TAPPI T 400 " Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot of Paper, Paperboard, Fiberboard, of Related Product.
• Select 3 representative specimens at least 300 x 300 mm (12 x 12 in.)
• All test are to be made at least 95mm (3 and 3/4 in.) from an edge, score line, or imperfection.

CONDITIONING

• Precondition and condition the specimens and test in atmosphere specified in TAPPI T 402 " Standard Conditioning and Testing Atmospheres for Paper, Board, Pulp hand sheets, and Related Products."

PROCEDURE

Place puncture point collar on base of the point and set the pointer about 25mm (1in.) above expected reading. Raise and latch pendulum.

9.2. Scales plate for test is attached to apparatus and the weights to be used for each scale are indicated on the scale plate

9.3 For single, double, & triple wall corrugated, and solid fiberboard

4 punctures comprise a set. One set constitutes one test

• Orientation of a set :
• Orientation 1. Parallel, with one surface down.
• Orientation 2. Parallel with other surface down.
• Orientation 3. Perpendicular, with one surface down
• Orientation 4. Perpendicular, with other surface down.

9.4 For uncombined sheets or single- faced corrugated boards

• 2 punctures comprise a set. One set constitutes one test
• Orientation of a set:
• Orientation 1. Parallel with smooth surface down.
• Orientation 2. Perpendicular with smooth surface down.

9.5 Clamp each specimen, the release the pendulum by pushing the latch handle to the left. When pendulum completes its swing note the reading to the nearest one-half division on the proper scale. * Note it is not advisable to perform a test giving a reading within the upper or lower quarter of the scale. Use another scale in such cases.

9.6 For lightweight material use the same procedure as above except use the bare pendulum without additional weights and stud, releasing the pendulum from a 45degree position and the auxiliary low scale.

REPORT

• Report the average of two test sets in scale units of three significant figures.
• Avg. of Test 1 + Avg. of Test #2 Divided by 2 = Total Test Average.

PRECISION

• The repeatability as defined in TAPPI T 1206 " Precision Statement for Test Method " is 5.25%.
• The values of repeatability have been calculated as stated in step 9.3-9.4 for a test result which is the average of a set (four individual test)
• The reproducibility of this method is not known.

REV. LTR.	REV. DATE	DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE
Original	11/11/01	Original Issue